A Multiple Myeloma Test is essential for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring this complex condition. It helps detect the presence of abnormal M protein, assess bone marrow involvement, and identify genetic abnormalities that influence prognosis and treatment. Timely testing can guide in choosing the most effective therapy and tracking disease progression or response to treatment.
Multiple Myeloma Test
What is Multiple Myeloma?
Multiple Myeloma is the cancer of plasma cells, a type of white blood cell found in the bone marrow that produces antibodies. In multiple myeloma, abnormal plasma cells multiply uncontrollably and produce an excess monoclonal protein (M protein), leading to complications such as bone damage, anaemia, kidney dysfunction, and immune suppression. It is often preceded by precursor conditions like MGUS or smouldering myeloma. Diagnosis involves a combination of blood and urine tests, bone marrow analysis, and advanced genetic tools such as FISH and NGS for risk stratification and treatment planning.
Disease Staging and Risk Stratification Systems for Multiple Myeloma
| Stage | International Staging System (ISS) | Revised ISS (R-ISS) |
|---|---|---|
| I | Serum beta-2 microglobulin < 3.5 mg/L Serum albumin ≥ 3.5 g/dL. | ISS stage I and standard-risk chromosomal abnormalities by FISH and serum LDH ≤ upper limit of normal. |
| II | Not ISS stage I or III. | Not ISS stage I or III. |
| III | Serum beta-2 microglobulin ≥ 5.5 mg/L.. | ISS stage III and either high-risk chromosomal abnormalities by FISH or serum LDH > upper limit of normal. |
Diagnostic Criteria of Multiple Myeloma as per NCCN, 2025 Guidelines
- History and physical examination.
- CBC, differential, and platelet count.
- Peripheral blood smear.
- Serum BUN/creatinine, electrolytes, liver function tests, albumin, calcium, serum uric acid, serum LDH, and beta-2 microglobulin.
- Creatinine clearance (calculated or measured directly).
- Serum quantitative immunoglobulins, serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP), and serum immunofixation electrophoresis (SIFE).
- 24-hour urine for total protein, urine protein electrophoresis (UPEP), and urine immunofixation electrophoresis (UIFE).
- Serum-free light chain (FLC) assay.
- Whole-body low-dose CT scan or FDG PET/CT Bone marrow aspirate and biopsy, including immunohistochemistry (IHC) and/or multiparameter flow cytometry.
- FISH panel on bone marrow for chromosomal abnormalities: del(13), del(17p13), t(4;14), t(11;14), t(14;16), t(14;20), 1q21 gain/1q21 amplification, 1p deletion.
- Natriuretic Peptide Tests (BNP, NT-proBNP).
Methodologies & Technologies Used
- SPEP & SIFE: Serum Protein Electrophoresis & Immunofixation.
- UIFE & UPEP: Urine Electrophoresis & Immunofixation.
- FLC : Free Light Chain Assay.
- FC MRD: Flow Cytometric Minimal Residual Disease.
- FISH Panel: Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization.
- BMA: Bone Marrow Analysis.
- NGS Panel : Next-Generation Sequencing.
- CBC: Complete Blood Count & Biochemistry.
Multiple Myeloma Tests Offered by MedGenome
FISH for Multiple MyelomaComprehensive Panel with Plasma Enrichment
Inclusion
• DEL17
• DEL13
• MYC-Breakapart Probe
• Hyper dipldy(5p15/9q22/15q22)
• IGH- Breakapart ProbeSample Type
• Peripheral blood (5 ml in Heparin)
• Bone marrow aspirate (1-2 ml Heparin)TAT : 5 working days
Test Code: MGM2590
FISH for Multiple Myeloma (5 markers)
Inclusion
- t(11;14) – IGH/CCND1
- t(4;14)/FGFR3/IGH
- t(14;16)/IGH/MAF
- 13q deletion
- 17p deletion
Sample Type
• Peripheral blood (5 ml in Heparin)
• Bone marrow aspirate (1-2 ml Heparin)TAT: 5 working days
Test Code: MGM1162
FISH for Multiple Myeloma with Plasma Enrichment- Six Markers with CKS1B
Inclusion
- t(11;14) IGH:CCND1
- t(4;14) FGFR3:IGH
- t(14;16) IGH:MAF
- del 13q, del 17p
- CKS1B (1q gain/amplification
Sample Type
• Peripheral blood (5 ml in Heparin)
• Bone marrow aspirate (1-2 ml Heparin)TAT: 5 working days
Test Code: MGM2680
Comprehensive Leukemia Panel (SNVs, InDels, CNVs & Fusions)
Inclusion
- -SNVs & InDels in 133 genes
- ->600+ Fusions -CNVs in
clinically relevant genes All myeloid
and lymphoid malignancies covered
Sample Type
• Peripheral blood (5 ml in EDTA)
• Bone marrow aspirate (1-2 ml EDTA)TAT: 12 working days
Test Code: MGM2450
IGHV Gene Mutation Analysis
Inclusion: IGHV
Sample Type
• Peripheral blood (5 ml in EDTA)
• Bone marrow aspirate (1-2 ml EDTA)TAT: 14 working days
Test Code: MGM1342
Multiple myeloma MRD By Flow cytometry
SampleType: Bone Marrow Aspirate in EDTA (Purple Top)
TAT: 2 working days
Test Code: MGM1667
ClonoSeq MRD
TAT: 13 working days
Test Code: MGM2601
Key Highlights of MedGenome's Multiple Myeloma Test
Rapid Results for Critical Parameters
Test results are available within 8 hours to 5–7 working days, depending on the type of test.
Advanced MRD Sensitivity
Multiparameter flow cytometry detects residual disease with a sensitivity of 0.005%.
Covers All Plasma Cell Dyscrasias
Suitable for MGUS, smouldering myeloma, symptomatic MM, and non-secretory variants.
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