Chromosomal Microarray Analysis

What is a Chromosomal Microarray Analysis?

MedGenome's chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) is an advanced, microarray-based diagnostic platform designed for high-resolution genetic analysis. It utilises copy number variation (CNV) and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) probes, which hybridise to specific chromosomal regions, allowing for precise detection of submicroscopic genetic abnormalities. This test enables genome-wide analysis on a single chip, providing superior detection of CNVs, including deletions, duplications, regions of homozygosity (ROH), uniparental disomy (UPD) and aneuploidies across all chromosomes including triploidy.

When Should Chromosomal Microarray Be Considered?

Parameter Details
Prenatal Testing
  • Abnormal ultrasound findings.
  • Abnormal maternal serum screening.
  • High-risk NIPT.
  • Pregnancy Loss & Recurrent Miscarriages
  • Products of conception (POC) analysis.
  • Identifying chromosomal imbalances.
  • Congenital Anomalies
  • Multiple congenital anomalies (MCA).
  • Syndromic and non-syndromic birth defects.
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Developmental delay (DD).
  • Intellectual disability (ID).
  • Autism spectrum disorders (ASD).
  • Clinical Applications of Chromosomal Microarray Analysis (CMA)

    • Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA): Offers high precision and comprehensive genome-wide assessment, making it a more effective diagnostic tool than conventional cytogenetic tests.
    • Genome-wide comprehensive coverage with higher resolution: Detects submicroscopic CNVs as small as 25 kb (HD array) and low-level mosaicism (≥30%) across the entire genome in a single test. Interrogates clinically relevant genes from OMIM, ClinGen, and DECIPHER databases.
    • Higher diagnostic yield: Diagnostic yield of ~25%, nearly double the detection rate for chromosomal abnormalities compared to other conventional cytogenetic tests (FISH and Karyotyping).
    • Enhanced accuracy: Ensures accurate prenatal results by identifying contamination. ACMG-compliant for copy number variants, with uniparental disomy (UPD) detection.
    • Faster turnaround: Reduces reliance on culture for prenatal samples, leading to a shorter turnaround time.
    • Versatile sample types: Chorionic villus sampling (CVS), amniotic fluid (AF), cultured amniotic fluid (cultured AF), products of conception (POC) samples, direct DNA, and peripheral blood samples.

    Specifications

    • Varied Chipsets: High-definition genome-wide chipsets with different resolutions, ensuring flexibility to meet diverse clinical and research needs.
    • Resolution: Deletions/duplications based on the selected chipset.
    • Detection Limit: Submicroscopic copy number variations (deletion and duplications), aneuploidies, triploidy, mosaicism, regions of homozygosity (ROH), and uniparental disomy (UPD).
    • Methodology: SNP-based microarray.
    • Test sample requirement: Chorionic villus sampling (CVS), amniotic fluid (10 -20 ml), cultured amniotic fluid (cultured AF), products of conception (POC) samples, direct DNA (1 µg high intact DNA), and peripheral blood samples (3- 5ml in EDTA tubes).
    • Turnaround Time (TAT): 10-14 working days.
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    Chromosomal Microarray Analysis (CMA) Tests Offered by MedGenome

    Key Highlights of MedGenome's Chromosomal Microarray Analysis

    High-Throughput Precision and Reliability

    Features a well-established High-throughput workflow and an extensive database for high-accuracy microarray data interpretation.

    Comprehensive Genome-Wide Screening

    Provides high-resolution detection of submicroscopic copy number variations (deletions and duplications), aneuploidies, triploidy, mosaicism, regions of homozygosity (ROH), and uniparental disomy (UPD).

    Innovative Testing Platforms

    Utilises an advanced microarray chipset for comprehensive genomic analysis.

    What is Chromosomal Microarray Analysis?

    Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) is a high-resolution genetic test that examines your entire genome to detect small changes in your chromosomes. These changes might include missing or extra pieces of DNA, known as deletions and duplications. This precise diagnostic technique helps identify genetic causes of developmental delays, intellectual disabilities, autism spectrum disorders, and certain birth defects.

    What is the Difference Between Chromosomal Microarray and Karyotyping?

    FeatureChromosomal Microarray (CMA)
    ResolutionHigh resolution, detects small genetic changes.
    Detection of VariationsDetects deletions, duplications, and absence of heterozygosity, UPD (uniparental disomy) and Trisomy.
    Diagnostic YieldHigher diagnostic yield. (20-25%).
    MedGenome scientist conducting genetic testing and DNA test services in India

    What Is the Methodology Behind CMA Genetic Testing?

    The CMA genetic testing uses a microchip-based platform called a microarray. Here’s how it works:

    • DNA Preparation: Your DNA is extracted from a sample (like blood), then fragmented, amplified, labelled and allowed to bind to the microarray chip.
    • Probes: The chip contains thousands of tiny probes designed to bind to a specific region of your labeled DNA.
    • Detection: The test detects copy number variations (CNVs)—small deletions or duplications of DNA segments.

    What Conditions Can a Chromosomal Microarray Analysis Diagnose?

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    What Is the Sample Type & TAT?

    • Sample Type:
      • Blood: 3 – 5 ml
      • Amniotic fluid: 20 ml
      • CVS: 20 – 50 mg
      • POC: 20 – 50 mg
      • Direct DNA: 1 µg( (Intact DNA))
    • TAT: 10 – 14 working days

    Who Should Consider Taking Chromosomal Microarray Analysis?

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    What Do Chromosomal Microarray Analysis Results Mean?

    • Normal Results: No significant genetic changes were detected.
    • Abnormal Results: Identifies genetic variations that may explain medical concerns.
    • Variants of Uncertain Significance (VUS): Findings still need to be fully understood.

    Your doctor or a genetic counsellor will help you understand what the results of a chromosomal microarray test mean for your health and discuss any next steps.

    Why Choose MedGenome For CMA Genetic Testing?

    Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

    • How much does the chromosomal microarray test cost in India?

      The cost of a chromosomal microarray test in India can vary depending on the type of analysis and the specific lab. MedGenome offers competitive pricing and ensures precise and accurate results for chromosomal microarray testing. Schedule an appointment now!

    • What sample is used for chromosomal microarray analysis?

      A chromosomal microarray analysis typically uses a 3–5 mL blood sample collected in an EDTA tube or extracted DNA. For pregnancy-related testing, samples such as Products of Conception (POC), amniotic fluid (AF), or chorionic villus sampling (CVS) may also be used.

    • What is the turnaround time for chromosomal microarray analysis?

      The turnaround time for a CMA test is usually between 10-14 working days, depending on the complexity of the case and the specific lab performing the test.

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